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Rwanda Case Law

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Criminal law RPAA 00497/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KAYITARE

The Court of Appeal upheld Kayitare Jacques’s conviction for attempted murder, found the evidence sufficient, but reduced the sentence to 12 years and 6 months.

  • Attempted murder
  • Sentencing
  • Appeal procedure
  • Evidentiary assessment
  • Attempted-murder
  • Criminal-appeal
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Criminal law RLR V.3-2025

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUGIMBA

The Court of Appeal found that the trial court did not err in convicting Mugimba Jean-Baptiste for conspiracy to commit genocide and complicity in genocide, as the evidence, including credible witness testimony and corroborating circumstances, established his participation in a meeting on 8 April 1994 where plans to kill Tutsi were made, lists of victims prepared, and weapons distributed. The court held that the trial court was not required to address every argument or piece of evidence individually, provided its reasoning was clear and material demands were addressed. The reduction of senten…

  • Genocide
  • Conspiracy to commit genocide
  • Complicity in genocide
  • Evidentiary assessment
  • Sentencing
  • Appeals procedure
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Criminal law RPAA 00427/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHONGORE

The Court of Appeal upheld Nshongore’s conviction for cannabis possession and sale, but reduced the sentence from life imprisonment to 18 years and a fine.

  • Drug offences
  • Evidentiary assessment
  • Sentencing
  • Mitigating circumstances
  • Criminal-law
  • Drug-offences
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Criminal law RPA 00355/2020/HC/NYZ

UBUSHINJACYAHA v UYISENGA

The appellate court found that while the conviction for defilement was supported by the evidence, the sentence of life imprisonment was not mandatory and unchangeable. Considering mitigating circumstances—first-time offence and absence of penetration—the sentence was reduced to 15 years' imprisonment.

  • Appeal against sentence
  • Sexual offences against minors
  • Modification of sentence
  • Evidentiary assessment
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Criminal law RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2019/SC

UBUSHINJACYAHA V. HABIMANA

The Supreme Court held that Habimana’s second appeal was properly rejected because he lost in both lower courts on the same grounds, so no injustice was shown.

  • Appeal procedure
  • Grounds for review
  • Double jeopardy
  • Jurisdiction of appellate courts
  • Murder
  • Evidentiary assessment
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International criminal law

The Prosecutor v. Casimir Bizimungu and others

Trial Chamber II in the Bizimungu et al. case addressed disclosure, notice, counsel, delay, alibi, witness credibility, and several genocide-related allegations.

  • Arrest and detention
  • Notification of charges
  • Right to counsel
  • Initial appearance
  • Undue delay
  • Notice in indictment
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International criminal law

THE PROSECUTOR V. AUGUSTIN DINDILIYIMANA, AUGUSTIN BIZIMUNGU, FRANÇOIS-XAVIER NZUWONEMEYE AND INNOCENT SAGAHUTU

The Chamber found that the Prosecution failed to prove a conspiracy to commit genocide, but proved various individual and superior-responsibility crimes for some Accused on certain incidents, while acquitting them on other allegations; convictions were entered only where the evidence established the charged conduct and, for war crimes, the required nexus to the armed conflict. The Chamber held that Bizimungu’s liability for extermination was limited to the Josephite Brothers compound because the proof concerning the préfecture office and EER in Butare did not reach the scale required for exte…

  • Genocide
  • Crimes against humanity
  • War crimes
  • Superior responsibility
  • Rape
  • Murder
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International criminal law

The Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana

The Appeals Chamber held the Prosecutor’s appeal and response briefs inadmissible for lateness, and dismissed the challenges by Kayishema and Ruzindana.

  • Admissibility of appeal briefs
  • Fair trial
  • Independence of tribunal
  • Equality of arms
  • Presumption of innocence
  • Adversarial principle
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International criminal law

The Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda

Trial Chamber I convicted Georges Rutaganda of genocide and crimes against humanity, acquitted him on Common Article 3 counts, and sentenced him to life imprisonment.

  • Individual criminal responsibility
  • Cumulative charges
  • Evidentiary assessment
  • Alibi
  • Sentencing
  • Genocide
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Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.