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Rwanda Case Law

Search judgments by proposition, citation, court, judge or legal topic, then move directly into the source-grounded case analysis.

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Criminal law RPAA 00122/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUHIRE

The Court of Appeal upheld Muhire’s conviction for heroin trafficking, finding the evidence showed sale, not mere personal use, and dismissed the appeal.

  • Drug trafficking
  • Drug possession
  • Appeals
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Criminal-appeal
  • Drug-trafficking
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Criminal law RPAA 00307/2025/CA

NIYOMUGABO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

The Court of Appeal upheld Niyomugabo Emmanuel’s conviction for defilement of a minor, holding that an unsigned investigation statement could still be relied on when the omission was explained.

  • Defilement of a minor
  • Value of confession
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Medical evidence
  • Hearsay evidence
  • Criminal-procedure
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Criminal law RPAA 00338/2023/CA

Me ICYITEGETSE N’ABANDI v TUYISENGE

The Court of Appeal held that only the prosecution may seek criminal penalties in a private prosecution appeal, so the High Court lacked power to convict and sentence. Damages were upheld.

  • Private prosecution
  • Forgery
  • Damages
  • Appeal procedure
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Private-prosecution
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Criminal law RPAA 00886/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HATEGEKIMANA

The Court held that the evidence, including the child's testimony, corroborating witnesses, and the accused's own admissions, established beyond reasonable doubt that Hategekimana Damascène committed defilement by touching the child's genitals for sexual gratification. The absence of physical injury or penetration and the intact hymen did not negate the offence. The claim of coerced confession was unsupported by evidence. The appeal was dismissed and the lower court's sentence of 15 years' imprisonment was upheld.

  • Defilement
  • Sexual offences against children
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Confession under duress
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Criminal law RPAA 00166/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSANZIMANA

The Court of Appeal dismissed Nsanzimana’s appeal, holding that late appeal grounds were inadmissible and that the official birth certificate proved the victim was a minor.

  • Appeal procedure
  • Sexual offences against minors
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Age determination in criminal liability
  • Criminal-appeal
  • Appeal-procedure
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Criminal law RPAA 00101/2021/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDAGIJIMNA

The Court of Appeal upheld a conviction for child sexual assault based on the accused’s consistent confessions, but reduced the sentence to 15 years.

  • Admissibility of confession
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Sentencing
  • Sexual offences against minors
  • Criminal-law
  • Sexual-offences-against-minors
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Criminal law RPAA01335/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BANZUBAZE

The Court of Appeal upheld a conviction for cannabis trafficking, finding that the evidence showed intent to sell rather than simple personal use.

  • Drug trafficking
  • Drug possession
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Sentencing
  • Drug-trafficking
  • Drug-possession
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Criminal law RPAA00985/2024/CA-CMB RPAA01036/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAFASHA

The Court of Appeal upheld cannabis trafficking convictions for Tuyisenge Solange and Manirafasha Déogratias, but reduced each fine to 5,000,000 RWF.

  • Drug offences
  • Criminal procedure
  • Sentencing
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Criminal-law
  • Drug-offences
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Criminal law RPAA 01381/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MBABAZI

The conviction was upheld because the combination of medical reports confirming sexual abuse and STDs in the victims, together with consistent testimonies from the children and their parents, constituted credible and sufficient evidence. The absence of DNA or direct medical evidence linking the accused did not undermine the reliability of the other evidence. The sentence of 20 years' imprisonment was found appropriate and not subject to further reduction.

  • Sexual offences against children
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Testimony evaluation
  • Medical evidence
  • Appeals process
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Criminal law RPAA 01370/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v BANGARYIMANA

The appellate court held that the combination of the large quantity of marijuana, its packaging, the defendant's own admissions, and consistent witness testimony were sufficient to prove drug trafficking beyond reasonable doubt, even in the absence of direct evidence of a sale or transaction. The defendant failed to rebut or undermine this evidence.

  • Drug trafficking
  • Evidentiary standards
  • Appeals
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Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.